The purpose of this study is to provide the government with an assessment of the utility of a government strategic investment fund to achieve two U.S. space policy goals: (1) reducing costs and accelerating the development and procurement of systems for civil space exploration, especially a return to the Moon, and 2) fostering the growth of private space markets. The report compares the efficacy of a strategic investment fund with other U.S. Government economic policy instruments to achieve these policy goals, ultimately recommending that the U.S. Government not set up a strategic investment fund for space. Such a fund would not address, in a cost-effective way, the primary challenges facing the achievement of U.S. Government policy goals for space.