Development of accurate methane emissions detection and measurement technology is driven in part by the ongoing need to demonstrate progress towards national and international GHG reduction goals. The energy sector is a significant source of methane in the United States, accounting for 45% of total U.S. methane emissions in 2014. The Department of Energy held a subject-matter expert workshop in October 2016 that could inform recommendations for future Federal research efforts to improve methane emission sensing and quantification from the energy sector. The report describes research opportunities and recommendations to develop and deploy methane measurement and monitoring technologies to support the Environmental Protection Agency’s U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory, enable methane emissions abatement opportunities from the oil and natural gas sectors, and identify broader methane monitoring opportunities using tools such as remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles, and atmospheric modeling.